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Introduction
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- Mango is believed to have
first originated from the Indo-Myanmar region where it was
known to have been cultivated for over 4,000 years.
- Mango cultivation has now
spread throughout the tropics of Africa, Asia and America.
- Mangoes are an excellent
source of vitamin A and C, which normally vary with
variety, and maturity of the fruits.
- Among internationally
traded tropical fruits, mango ranks only second to
pineapple in quantity and value.
- World production of mango
in 1997 was 22 million tons. India being the world's
largest producer, accounting for almost 50% of total world
production, China and Mexico with 9% and 6% respectively.
- Thailand grows more than
100 native mango cultivars.
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Production areas
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- In Thailand, about 301,946
ha. are planted to mango. This represents 26% of the total
land area allocated to fruit tree planting.
- Major planting areas are
located in the northeastern and northern regions
accounting for 34% and 28% of the total mango area.
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Utilization
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- The consumption of
processed mango products, such as mango-flavored beverages
either singly flavored or multi-flavored, is rapidly
increasing, particularly in Europe. The demand for
processed mango pulp (puree) has similarly expanded.
- In 1996, the world
production of mango pulp and juice amounted to 807,000
tons and 136,780 tons respectively. Exports were only 5.7%
(45,951 tons) and 4.9% (6,752 tons) of the production.
- Major suppliers of mango
pulp (13-18 Brix) and concentrates (28-32 brix) are Peru,
India and Ecuador.
- Other processed mango
products: dried, jam, jellies, syrup and other
retail-packed products are fast gaining markets and
commanding better prices than other tropical fruits.
- Processed mango products
are salted, dried, sweetened and sun-cured, sweetened and
oven dried, dehydrated, canned and canned mango in syrup.
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Domestic demand
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- About 98% of the total
production is consumed locally in the form of fresh or
processed mango.
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International trade
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- World trade in fresh mango
is expected to increase by 53% to 59,000 tons by 2005 due
to the increasing consumption worldwide.
- The varieties of Tha mango
exported are Nam Dok Mai, Nang Klang Wan, Kaew Sawuey,
Red, Thong Dam, and Pinsame. Major markets for Thai
mangoes in Asia are Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and
Brunei.
- For the past five years,
fresh mango export growth has averaged 8% annually and in
1996 exports of fresh and processed mangoes amounted to
400 million US$. Export growth is possibly related to the
increasing markets in Europe and North America.
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